ACT
45th Parliament, 1st Session
BILL C-492
An Act to provide for the taxation of autonomous computational systems, the establishment of worker transition programs, and the distribution of data dividends to Canadian citizens.
Joint Sponsor
Hon. Melanie Joly
Ahuntsic-Cartierville, QC
Joint Sponsor
Hon. Patty Hajdu
Thunder Bay-Superior North, ON
Joint Sponsor
Evan Solomon
Media & Policy Advisor
Legislative Pipeline - Bill C-492 Progress
1
First Reading
Introduction
COMPLETE
2
Second Reading
Debate
IN PROGRESS
3
Committee
Review
WAITING
4
Report
Amend
WAITING
5
Third Reading
Final
WAITING
6
Senate
Upper
WAITING
7
Royal Assent
Law
WAITING
1
First Reading
Introduction - COMPLETE
2
Second Reading
Debate on Principle - IN PROGRESS
3
Committee Stage
Detailed Clause Review - WAITING
4
Report Stage
Amendments - WAITING
5
Third Reading
Final Vote - WAITING
6
Senate
Upper Chamber Review - WAITING
7
Royal Assent
Becomes Law - WAITING
CURRENT STAGE
Second Reading - Debate on Principle
Members debate the general principles and purpose of the bill. Consensus required to proceed.
Consensus Required
75%+
Progress to Next Stage
0%
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CONSENSUS (75%+)
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Caucus Consensus Status
PENDING
Support the Technological Automation & Data Dividend Act (TADDA) framework for worker protection.
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1
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3
Standing Committee Stage
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4
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Section 1: Short Title
1.1
This Act may be cited as the Technological Automation & Data Dividend Act
(TADDA).
Section 2: Definitions
2.1
"Agentic Swarm" refers to a coordinated group of AI agents operating
autonomously to perform complex industrial or administrative tasks.
2.2
"Data Dividend" refers to the monthly payout issued to citizens from the
National Data Trust.
2.3
"Dark Factory" refers to a manufacturing facility operating with minimal
or zero human workers, utilizing fully automated systems including robotics, AI-driven quality
control, and autonomous logistics.
2.4
"Humanoid Robot" refers to a bipedal or anthropomorphic autonomous
machine capable of performing physical labour tasks traditionally requiring human workers,
including but not limited to assembly, materials handling, and quality inspection.
2.5
"Physical AI" refers to artificial intelligence systems embodied in
physical hardware capable of interacting with and manipulating the real-world environment,
distinct from purely digital or computational AI.
2.6
"Automation Displacement Event" refers to job losses directly
attributable to the deployment of autonomous systems, AI agents, or robotic automation within a
24-month period.
2.7
"Post-Labour Transition Zone" refers to a designated geographic area
where automation risk exceeds 40% of local employment and qualifies for enhanced federal
support under this Act.
PART I
AI-Human Collaborative Economic Zones
Section 3: Establishment of AI-Human Zones
3.1
The Minister shall establish AI-Human Collaborative Economic Zones
in designated regions where automation deployment exceeds prescribed thresholds.
3.2
Within AI-Human Zones, employers deploying autonomous systems shall:
(a)
maintain minimum human workforce ratios as prescribed by regulation;
(b)
ensure wage parity between human workers and equivalent automated output
value;
(c)
provide mandatory retraining programs for displaced workers; and
(d)
grant AI Transition Leave of not less than 12 weeks to workers
affected by automation displacement events.
3.3
The Canada Labour Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. L-2 is amended to add Division XV -
AI-Assisted Workplaces, and Part III is amended to include "AI Transition Leave" as a
protected leave category.
PART II
Automation Displacement Benefits
Section 4: Extended Employment Insurance
4.1
The Employment Insurance Act is amended to establish the Automation
Displacement Benefit providing:
(a)
52 weeks of income support at 70% of previous earnings for workers displaced by
automation events;
(b)
eligibility for self-employed individuals affected by AI-driven market disruption;
and
(c)
supplementary training allowances for approved reskilling programs.
4.2
An employer who implements an Automation Displacement Event affecting more than 50
workers shall contribute to the Automation Transition Fund at a rate of $5,000 per displaced
position.
PART III
Northern Ontario UBI Pilot
Section 5: FedNor Guaranteed Income Pilot
5.1
The Income Tax Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.) is amended to establish a refundable
tax credit for residents of designated FedNor "Post-Labour Transition Zones".
5.2
The pilot shall provide:
(a)
a guaranteed annual income floor of $24,000 for individuals and $36,000 for
families;
(b)
gradual phase-out at 50 cents per dollar earned above the threshold; and
(c)
automatic enrollment for residents of qualifying postal codes.
5.3
Qualifying regions include: Thunder Bay District, Sudbury District, Sault Ste. Marie,
Timmins-James Bay, and Kenora-Rainy River.
PART IV
AI Ethics & Labour Rights
Section 6: Workplace AI Transparency
6.1
The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, S.C. 2000, c. 5
(PIPEDA) is amended to require:
(a)
full transparency in AI decision-making affecting hiring, scheduling, performance
evaluation, or termination;
(b)
prohibition of "continuous surveillance" without explicit worker
consent; and
(c)
mandatory algorithmic impact assessments before deployment of workplace AI
systems.
6.2
Workers shall have the right to request human review of any AI-generated employment
decision within 30 days of notification.
PART V
Indigenous-Led AI Fund
Section 7: Indigenous AI Development
7.1
The Department of Industry Act, S.C. 1995, c. 1 is amended to establish the
Indigenous AI Development Fund under FedNor administration.
7.2
The Fund shall support:
(a)
Indigenous-led AI solutions for language revitalization and cultural
preservation;
(b)
local governance technologies respecting Indigenous data sovereignty; and
(c)
community-owned AI enterprises in remote and northern communities.
7.3
Initial funding allocation of $150 million over five years, with governance by an
Indigenous-majority advisory board.
PART VI
National Data Dividend
Section 8: Data Dividend Framework
8.1
There is established the National Data Trust to collect and distribute
revenues from:
(a)
a 3% levy on revenues of companies operating large language models or AI systems
trained on Canadian data;
(b)
a 2% automation efficiency tax on companies achieving labour cost reductions
exceeding 30% through AI deployment; and
(c)
licensing fees for commercial use of anonymized public data.
8.2
The Data Dividend shall be distributed quarterly to all Canadian residents aged 18 and
over, with enhanced payments to residents of Post-Labour Transition Zones.
PART VII
Humanoid Robots & Physical AI Regulation
Section 9: Physical AI Registration
9.1
All humanoid robots and physical AI systems
deployed in Canadian workplaces shall be registered with the National Automation Registry
within 30 days of deployment.
9.2
Registration shall include:
(a)
unique identification number and manufacturer details;
(b)
capability assessment including tasks performed and human-equivalent labour
hours;
(c)
safety certification from approved testing bodies; and
(d)
displacement impact assessment for affected worker categories.
Section 10: Dark Factory Designation
10.1
Any manufacturing facility meeting the definition of "Dark Factory" shall:
(a)
pay an enhanced automation levy of 5% on gross revenues;
(b)
contribute to regional workforce transition funds at $10,000 per human-equivalent
position automated; and
(c)
provide quarterly reporting on automation metrics to the Minister.
10.2
New Dark Factory facilities shall require federal approval including community impact
assessment and local workforce transition plans.
Schedule A: Automation 2.0 - The Challenge
Unlike previous waves of automation (RPA), AI-powered automation threatens not just assembly line jobs but also skilled positions in design, quality control, logistics, and administration. The TADDA framework addresses this through comprehensive worker protection.
No Automation
Human Labor
Manual Outcome
Automation 1.0
RPA
RPA
UiPath / Automation Anywhere
Fragile Outcome
Automation 2.0 (LLMs)
Intelligent Automation
Intelligent Automation
Next Generation of AI Agents
Automated Outcome
Physical AI & Humanoid Robots in Canadian Industry
Humanoid Robot Capabilities
Dark Factory Concept
SCHEDULE B
Canadian Auto Industry Impact Assessment
125,000
Direct Auto Jobs
400,000
Total Supply Chain
42%
High Automation Risk
$16B
Annual Contribution
Regional Impact Data
| Region | Workers at Risk | Risk Level | Key Employers | Transition Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windsor-Essex | 18,500 | CRITICAL (58%) | Stellantis, Ford | EV Battery, Robotics Maintenance |
| Oshawa-Durham | 12,200 | HIGH (47%) | GM Canada | EV Assembly, Software |
| Cambridge-Kitchener | 9,800 | HIGH (44%) | Toyota | Advanced Manufacturing |
| Brampton-Mississauga | 8,400 | MEDIUM (38%) | Stellantis, Parts Suppliers | Logistics AI, Quality Tech |
| Alliston-Barrie | 5,600 | MEDIUM (35%) | Honda Canada | Hybrid Systems, Sensors |
| St. Thomas (New) | 2,500 (projected) | MEDIUM (30%) | Volkswagen EV Plant | Battery Tech, Green Energy |
Physical AI Deployment Projections - Auto Sector
| Technology | Current (2026) | Projected 2028 | Projected 2030 | Jobs Displaced |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial Robots | 12,400 units | 18,600 units | 28,000 units | 15,000-22,000 |
| Humanoid Robots | 150 units (pilot) | 2,500 units | 12,000 units | 8,000-15,000 |
| AGV/AMR Logistics | 3,200 units | 8,500 units | 18,000 units | 5,000-8,000 |
| AI Quality Systems | 45% coverage | 75% coverage | 95% coverage | 3,500-5,000 |
| Dark Factory Facilities | 0 | 2 (pilot) | 8-12 facilities | 4,000-8,000 |
Implementation Timeline
Q1 2026
Drafting & Consultations - Indigenous-Innovation roundtables,
industry stakeholder meetings, provincial coordination.
Q2 2026
1st Reading - Bill introduction in House of Commons, referral to
HUMA and INDU committees.
Q3 2026
Committee Review - Witness testimony, clause-by-clause review,
amendments.
Q4 2026
Fall Economic Statement - Budget allocation for UBI pilot and
transition funds.
Q1 2027
Finance Committee & Senate - Second reading, Senate review, Royal
Assent target.
July 1, 2027
Pilot Launch - Northern Ontario UBI pilot begins, National Automation
Registry opens.
Q4 2027
Full Enforcement - PIPEDA amendments in force, Data Dividend
distributions begin.
SCHEDULE C
Data Sources & Research Citations
Government & Statistical Sources
1
Statistics Canada. "Labour Force Survey: Employment by Industry."
Table 14-10-0023-01. Monthly updates. statcan.gc.ca
2
Statistics Canada. "Canadian Business Counts: Automation
Technology Adoption." December 2025. statcan.gc.ca
3
Bank of Canada. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Automation and AI on
Canadian Labour Markets." Staff Working Paper 2025-12. bankofcanada.ca
4
Employment and Social Development Canada. "Future of Work:
Sectoral AI Impact Assessment." ESDC Policy Research, 2025. canada.ca/esdc
International Organizations
5
OECD. "Employment Outlook 2025: AI, Automation and the Future of
Work." OECD Publishing, Paris. oecd.org
6
International Labour Organization. "Global Employment Trends: The
Impact of Physical AI and Humanoid Robotics." ILO Geneva, 2025. ilo.org
7
World Economic Forum. "Future of Jobs Report 2025." WEF Geneva.
weforum.org
Academic Research
8
Frey, C.B. & Osborne, M.A. "The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?" Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, 114, 254-280.
9
Acemoglu, D. & Restrepo, P. "Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US
Labor Markets." Journal of Political Economy, 128(6), 2188-2244.
10
Brookfield Institute for Innovation + Entrepreneurship. "Automation
Across the Canadian Economy: Sector-by-Sector Analysis." Toronto Metropolitan University,
2025.
Industry Sources
11
Canadian Automotive Partnership Council. "Industry Transformation
Roadmap 2025-2035." CAPC Annual Report.
12
International Federation of Robotics. "World Robotics Report 2025:
Industrial & Service Robots." IFR Statistical Department.
13
McKinsey Global Institute. "The Bio Revolution: Innovations
Transforming Economies." McKinsey & Company, 2025.
14
Tesla, Inc. "Optimus Humanoid Robot: Manufacturing Deployment
Projections." Investor Day Presentation, 2025.
15
Figure AI / Boston Dynamics / Agility Robotics. Combined industry
analysis of humanoid deployment timelines in North American manufacturing.